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Tariff item · Chapter 84 · Section XVI, Machinery and mechanical appliances

HS 8443 31 00Machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network

Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof › Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442, other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined, parts and accessories thereof

Customs duty
7.5%
Tariff rate
GST now
18%
or 5% for some goods
Import policy
Free
Export policy
Free
Unit
units
Duty in China
0%
On Indian goods
Landed costSearch codesDuty abroadRates as on 19 Oct 2026

Importing into India

What customs charges, what trade agreements take off, and the rules the goods must meet.

Customs duty

Customs duty on imports into India
DutyRateCharged on
Basic customs duty (BCD), MFN rate7.5%Assessable value
Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess (AIDC)NilAssessable value11/2021-Customs, S.No. 17
Social Welfare Surcharge (SWS)10% of BCD, AIDC and Health CessBCD + AIDC
Integrated GST (IGST)18%Assessable value + BCD + AIDC + SWS

Lower duty under trade agreements

Lower customs duty under India's trade agreements
AgreementCustoms dutyGoods from
ASEAN–India FTA0%Brunei, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
Duty-free tariff preference for LDCs0%Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Benin, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Cambodia, Comoros, Laos, Liberia, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Somalia, Chad, Togo, Timor-Leste, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia
India–Australia ECTA0%Australia
India–EFTA TEPA51/2025-Customs0%Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway
India–Japan CEPA0%Japan
India–Korea CEPA0%South Korea
India–Malaysia CECA0%Malaysia
India–Oman CEPA20/2026-Customs0%Oman
India–Sri Lanka FTA0%Sri Lanka
India–UAE CEPA0%United Arab Emirates
India–Singapore CECA3.25%Singapore
India–MERCOSUR PTA6%Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay

Goods from Pakistan pay 200%.

Anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard duty

None in force on this code as on 19 Oct 2026. 1 earlier measure has ended.

Import policy (DGFT ITC(HS))

  • Free.
Notes on these rates
  • BCD is the statutory tariff rate from a one-time snapshot of the Indian Trade Portal. Exemption notifications (such as 45/2025-Customs) and tariff changes made after the snapshot, including the Finance Act 2026 changes from 1 May 2026, are not applied.
  • IGST comes from our archived GST table, which still has the 12% and 28% slabs, so it may pre-date the GST rate changes of 22 September 2025. Check the current rate.
  • AIDC, Health Cess and the SWS exemptions are read from notifications 11/2021-Customs, 08/2020-Customs and 11/2018-Customs as amended (to 16/2026-Customs), and the notifications that lower AIDC for a while. SWS is 10% of BCD, AIDC and Health Cess together (Finance Act 2018, s.110), never of anti-dumping, countervailing or safeguard duty or IGST.
  • AIDC is Nil (S.No. 17 of 11/2021-Customs, which exempts all goods it does not name).
  • Not included: GST compensation cess, anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard duties, and exemptions or concessions such as end-use, EOU/SEZ or project imports.
  • This does not check whether the import is allowed (DGFT import policy, licences, quality-control orders). The HS code explorer shows the import policy.
  • This is an estimate, not an assessment. Confirm the duty with your customs broker or ICEGATE's duty calculator before you price a deal.

GST

IGST on imports is the GST rate. Rates changed on 22 September 2025.

  • Now 18%, or 5% for some goods.
  • Until 21 September 2025 18%, or 5% or 12% for some goods.
  • Change: Unchanged.

The rules that set it now

GST rate rules in force
NotificationGoodsRate
9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate)Schedule II, S.No. 430Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof18%
9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate)Schedule I, S.No. 437Following renewable energy devices and parts for their manufacture:- (a) Bio-gas plant; (b) Solar power-based devices; (c) Solar power generator; (d) Wind mills, Wind Operated Electricity Generator (WOEG); (e) Waste to energy plants / devices; (f) Solar lantern / solar lamp; (g) Ocean waves/tidal waves energy devices/plants; (h) Photo voltaic cells, whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels. Explanation:- If the goods specified in this entry are supplied, by a supplier, along with supplies of other goods and services, one of which being a taxable service specified in the entry at S. No. 38 of the Table mentioned in the notification No. 8/2017- Integrated Tax (Rate), dated 28th June, 2017 [G.S.R. 683(E)], the value of supply of goods for the purposes of this entry shall be deemed as seventy per cent. of the gross consideration charged for all such supplies, and the remaining thirty per cent. of the gross consideration charged shall be deemed as value of the said taxable service5%
9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate)Schedule I, S.No. 479Disposable sterilized dialyzer or micro barrier of artificial kidney5%
9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate)Schedule II, S.No. 386Parts suitable for use solely or principally with fixed Speed Diesel Engines of power not exceeding 15HP18%
9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate)Schedule II, S.No. 387Parts suitable for use solely or principally with power driven pumps primarily designed for handling water, namely, centrifugal pumps (horizontal and vertical), deep tube-well turbine pumps, submersible pumps, axial flow and mixed flow vertical pumps18%
9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate)Schedule II, S.No. 473E-waste Explanation.- For the purpose of this entry, E-waste means electrical and electronic equipment listed in Schedule I of the E- Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 (published in the Gazette of India vide G.S.R. 338 (E) dated the 23rd March, 2016), whole or in part if discarded as waste by the consumer or bulk consumer18%

History

GST rate history
PeriodRateNotification
Until 21 Sep 20255%, 12% or 18%1/2017-Central Tax (Rate)
From 22 Sep 20255% or 18%9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate)

Exporting from India

Export duty

Nil. The Second Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act does not list these goods, so no export duty is charged.

Duty drawback (All Industry Rates)

All Industry Rates of duty drawback under this heading
Drawback itemGoodsRateCap
8443Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines whether or not combined, parts and accessories thereof1.5%—

Drawback items follow the 4-digit heading, not the 8-digit code: claim the one that describes your goods. Rates of notification 77/2023-Customs (N.T.) as amended, in force on 19 Oct 2026.

Export incentives (RoDTEP and RoSCTL)

  • RoDTEP, Appendix 4R (exports from the domestic tariff area): 0.9% of the FOB value, until 31 Dec 2026.
  • RoDTEP, Appendix 4RE (exports under Advance Authorisation, EOU or SEZ): 0.5% of the FOB value, until 31 Dec 2026.

Export policy (DGFT ITC(HS) Schedule 2)

  • Free.

What buyers pay abroad: import duty in the US, UK, EU and Australia for 8443 31, and China's below.

China: the same goods (8443 31)

China shares the first 6 digits with India and splits them into 10-digit codes of its own: 5 in force under 8443 31. Exporters see what China charges Indian goods; importers see the rebate and licences their Chinese supplier deals with.

China's tariff for these goods
China codeGoodsDuty on Indian goodsMFNImport VATExport rebateLicences
8443.31.10.10Electrostatic photosensitive multifunction encrypted fax machines静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机0%MFN rate (no APTA concession on this line)0%13%13%2L
8443.31.10.90Other electrostatic photosensitive multifunction machines其他静电感光式多功能一体机0%MFN rate (no APTA concession on this line)0%13%13%L
8443.31.90.10Other machines with both printing and copying functions其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器0%MFN rate (no APTA concession on this line)0%13%13%AL
8443.31.90.20Other multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines其他多功能一体加密传真机0%MFN rate (no APTA concession on this line)0%13%13%2ALM
8443.31.90.90Other machines having two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission其他具有打印、复印或传真中两种及以上功能的机器0%MFN rate (no APTA concession on this line)0%13%13%ALM
  • India is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA). With an APTA certificate of origin, Indian goods pay China's APTA rate where the line has one; China applies the lower of that and its provisional rate.
  • The export VAT rebate is what China refunds its own exporters. When China cuts it, Chinese export prices tend to rise.

Every Chinese code in full

8443.31.10Electrostatic photocopying apparatus with two or more functions of printing, copying and faxing

8443.31.10.10Electrostatic photosensitive multifunction encrypted fax machines静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机

Connectable to automatic data processing machines or to a network可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接

Unit
unit / kg
MFN import duty
0%
Provisional import duty
None
General import duty
70%
Import VAT
13%
Consumption tax
0%
Export duty
0%
Provisional export duty
None
Export VAT rebate
13%
Updated by China
23 Aug 2026
Licences and certificates
  • 2Dual-use items and technologies import licence两用物项和技术进口许可证
Inspection and quarantine
  • LCivil commodities inbound verification (CCC)民用商品入境验证
What the customs declaration must state
  • 0.Brand type品牌类型
  • 1.Export preferential status出口享惠情况
  • 2.Principle原理
  • 3.Function功能
  • 4.Brand (Chinese or foreign names)品牌(中文或外文名称)
  • 5.Model型号
  • 6.GTIN
  • 7.CAS
  • 8.Other其他
China's agreement rates
ASEAN
0%
Chile
0%
Pakistan
1.5%
New Zealand
0%
Peru
0%
Costa Rica
0%
Switzerland
0%
Iceland
0%
Australia
0%
Georgia
0%
Mauritius
0%
Maldives
0%
Cambodia
0%
Nicaragua
0%
Ecuador
0%
Serbia
0%
Hong Kong
0%
Macao
0%
RCEP rates
Australia
0%
Brunei
0%
Cambodia
0%
South Korea
5%
Laos
0%
Malaysia
0%
New Zealand
0%
Singapore
0%
Thailand
0%
Vietnam
0%
Japan
5.5%
Indonesia
0%
Philippines
0%
Myanmar
0%
CIQ codes
  • 8443311010101Electrostatic photosensitive multifunction integrated encrypted fax machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (multifunction printers)静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(多功能一体打印机)
  • 8443311010102Electrostatic photosensitive multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (printers)静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(打印机)
  • 8443311010103Electrostatic photosensitive multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (copying machines)静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(复印机)
  • 8443311010104Electrostatic photosensitive multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (telephones)静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电话机)
  • 8443311010105Electrostatic photosensitive multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (fax machines)静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(传真机)
  • 8443311010106Electrostatic photosensitive multifunction integrated encrypted fax machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (teleprinters)静电感光式多功能一体加密传真机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电传打字机)
8443.31.10.90Other electrostatic photosensitive multifunction machines其他静电感光式多功能一体机

Connectable to automatic data processing machines or to a network可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接

Unit
unit / kg
MFN import duty
0%
Provisional import duty
None
General import duty
70%
Import VAT
13%
Consumption tax
0%
Export duty
0%
Provisional export duty
None
Export VAT rebate
13%
Updated by China
23 Aug 2026
Licences and certificates

None.

Inspection and quarantine
  • LCivil commodities inbound verification (CCC)民用商品入境验证
What the customs declaration must state
  • 0.Brand type品牌类型
  • 1.Export preferential status出口享惠情况
  • 2.Principle原理
  • 3.Function功能
  • 4.Brand (Chinese or foreign names)品牌(中文或外文名称)
  • 5.Model型号
  • 6.GTIN
  • 7.CAS
  • 8.Other其他
China's agreement rates
ASEAN
0%
Chile
0%
Pakistan
1.5%
New Zealand
0%
Peru
0%
Costa Rica
0%
Switzerland
0%
Iceland
0%
Australia
0%
Georgia
0%
Mauritius
0%
Maldives
0%
Cambodia
0%
Nicaragua
0%
Ecuador
0%
Serbia
0%
Hong Kong
0%
Macao
0%
RCEP rates
Australia
0%
Brunei
0%
Cambodia
0%
South Korea
5%
Laos
0%
Malaysia
0%
New Zealand
0%
Singapore
0%
Thailand
0%
Vietnam
0%
Japan
5.5%
Indonesia
0%
Philippines
0%
Myanmar
0%
CIQ codes
  • 8443311090101Other electrostatic photosensitive multifunction machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (multifunction printers)其他静电感光式多功能一体机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(多功能一体打印机)
  • 8443311090102Other electrostatic photographic multifunction machines (connectable to an automatic data processing machine or to a network) (printers)其他静电感光式多功能一体机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(打印机)
  • 8443311090103Other electrostatic photographic multifunction machines (connectable to an automatic data processing machine or to a network) (copiers)其他静电感光式多功能一体机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(复印机)
  • 8443311090104Other electrostatic photographic multifunction machines (connectable to an automatic data processing machine or to a network) (telephones)其他静电感光式多功能一体机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电话机)
  • 8443311090105Other electrostatic photographic multifunction machines (connectable to an automatic data processing machine or to a network) (fax machines)其他静电感光式多功能一体机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(传真机)
  • 8443311090106Other electrostatic photosensitive multi-function machines (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (telex machines)其他静电感光式多功能一体机(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电传打字机)

8443.31.90Other machines with two or more functions of printing, copying and faxing

8443.31.90.10Other machines with both printing and copying functions其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器

Connectable to automatic data processing machines or to a network可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接

Unit
unit / kg
MFN import duty
0%
Provisional import duty
None
General import duty
17%
Import VAT
13%
Consumption tax
0%
Export duty
0%
Provisional export duty
None
Export VAT rebate
13%
Updated by China
23 Aug 2026
Licences and certificates
  • AInbound goods clearance (inspection and quarantine)入境货物通关单
Inspection and quarantine
  • LCivil commodities inbound verification (CCC)民用商品入境验证
What the customs declaration must state
  • 0.Brand type品牌类型
  • 1.Export preferential status出口享惠情况
  • 2.Principle原理
  • 3.Function功能
  • 4.Brand (Chinese or foreign names)品牌(中文或外文名称)
  • 5.Model型号
  • 6.GTIN
  • 7.CAS
  • 8.Other其他
China's agreement rates
ASEAN
0%
Chile
0%
Pakistan
0%
New Zealand
0%
Peru
0%
Costa Rica
0%
Switzerland
0%
Iceland
0%
Australia
0%
South Korea
0%
Georgia
0%
Mauritius
0%
Maldives
0%
Cambodia
0%
Nicaragua
0%
Ecuador
0%
Serbia
0%
Hong Kong
0%
Macao
0%
RCEP rates
Australia
0%
Brunei
0%
Cambodia
0%
South Korea
0%
Laos
0%
Malaysia
0%
New Zealand
0%
Singapore
0%
Thailand
0%
Vietnam
0%
Japan
0%
Indonesia
0%
Philippines
0%
Myanmar
0%
CIQ codes
  • 8443319010101Other machines with both printing and copying functions (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (multifunction printers)其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(多功能一体打印机)
  • 8443319010102Other machines with both printing and copying functions (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (printers)其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(打印机)
  • 8443319010103Other machines with both printing and copying functions (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (copying machines)其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(复印机)
  • 8443319010104Other machines with both printing and copying functions (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (telephones)其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电话机)
  • 8443319010105Other machines with both printing and copying functions (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (fax machines)其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(传真机)
  • 8443319010106Other machines with both printing and copying functions (connectable to ADP machines or networks) (teleprinters)其他具有打印和复印两种功能的机器(可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电传打字机)
8443.31.90.20Other multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines其他多功能一体加密传真机

Machines with one or more functions of printing or copying兼有打印、复印中一种及以上功能的机器

Unit
unit / kg
MFN import duty
0%
Provisional import duty
None
General import duty
17%
Import VAT
13%
Consumption tax
0%
Export duty
0%
Provisional export duty
None
Export VAT rebate
13%
Updated by China
23 Aug 2026
Licences and certificates
  • 2Dual-use items and technologies import licence两用物项和技术进口许可证
  • AInbound goods clearance (inspection and quarantine)入境货物通关单
Inspection and quarantine
  • LCivil commodities inbound verification (CCC)民用商品入境验证
  • MImport commodity inspection进口商品检验
What the customs declaration must state
  • 0.Brand type品牌类型
  • 1.Export preferential status出口享惠情况
  • 2.Principle原理
  • 3.Function功能
  • 4.Brand (Chinese or foreign names)品牌(中文或外文名称)
  • 5.Model型号
  • 6.GTIN
  • 7.CAS
  • 8.Other其他
China's agreement rates
ASEAN
0%
Chile
0%
Pakistan
0%
New Zealand
0%
Peru
0%
Costa Rica
0%
Switzerland
0%
Iceland
0%
Australia
0%
South Korea
0%
Georgia
0%
Mauritius
0%
Maldives
0%
Cambodia
0%
Nicaragua
0%
Ecuador
0%
Serbia
0%
Hong Kong
0%
Macao
0%
RCEP rates
Australia
0%
Brunei
0%
Cambodia
0%
South Korea
0%
Laos
0%
Malaysia
0%
New Zealand
0%
Singapore
0%
Thailand
0%
Vietnam
0%
Japan
0%
Indonesia
0%
Philippines
0%
Myanmar
0%
CIQ codes
  • 8443319020101Other multifunction integrated encrypted fax machines (with one or more printing or copying functions) (multifunction printers)其他多功能一体加密传真机(兼有打印、复印中一种及以上功能的机器)(多功能一体打印机)
  • 8443319020102Other multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (with one or more functions of printing or copying) (printers)其他多功能一体加密传真机(兼有打印、复印中一种及以上功能的机器)(打印机)
  • 8443319020103Other multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (with one or more functions of printing or copying) (copying machines)其他多功能一体加密传真机(兼有打印、复印中一种及以上功能的机器)(复印机)
  • 8443319020104Other multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (with one or more functions of printing or copying) (telephones)其他多功能一体加密传真机(兼有打印、复印中一种及以上功能的机器)(电话机)
  • 8443319020105Other multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (with one or more functions of printing or copying) (fax machines)其他多功能一体加密传真机(兼有打印、复印中一种及以上功能的机器)(传真机)
  • 8443319020106Other multi-function integrated encrypted fax machines (with one or more functions of printing or copying) (telex machines)其他多功能一体加密传真机(兼有打印、复印中一种及以上功能的机器)(电传打字机)
8443.31.90.90Other machines having two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission其他具有打印、复印或传真中两种及以上功能的机器

Excluding machines with both printing and copying functions, connectable to ADP machines or networks具有打印和复印两种功能的机器除外,可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接

Unit
unit / kg
MFN import duty
0%
Provisional import duty
None
General import duty
17%
Import VAT
13%
Consumption tax
0%
Export duty
0%
Provisional export duty
None
Export VAT rebate
13%
Updated by China
23 Aug 2026
Licences and certificates
  • AInbound goods clearance (inspection and quarantine)入境货物通关单
Inspection and quarantine
  • LCivil commodities inbound verification (CCC)民用商品入境验证
  • MImport commodity inspection进口商品检验
What the customs declaration must state
  • 0.Brand type品牌类型
  • 1.Export preferential status出口享惠情况
  • 2.Principle原理
  • 3.Function功能
  • 4.Brand (Chinese or foreign names)品牌(中文或外文名称)
  • 5.Model型号
  • 6.GTIN
  • 7.CAS
  • 8.Other其他
China's agreement rates
ASEAN
0%
Chile
0%
Pakistan
0%
New Zealand
0%
Peru
0%
Costa Rica
0%
Switzerland
0%
Iceland
0%
Australia
0%
South Korea
0%
Georgia
0%
Mauritius
0%
Maldives
0%
Cambodia
0%
Nicaragua
0%
Ecuador
0%
Serbia
0%
Hong Kong
0%
Macao
0%
RCEP rates
Australia
0%
Brunei
0%
Cambodia
0%
South Korea
0%
Laos
0%
Malaysia
0%
New Zealand
0%
Singapore
0%
Thailand
0%
Vietnam
0%
Japan
0%
Indonesia
0%
Philippines
0%
Myanmar
0%
CIQ codes
  • 8443319090101Other machines with two or more functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission (excluding machines with only printing and copying functions, connectable to automatic data processing machines or networks) (printers)其他具有打印、复印或传真中两种及以上功能的机器(具有打印和复印两种功能的机器除外,可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(打印机)
  • 8443319090102Other machines with two or more functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission (excluding machines with only printing and copying functions, connectable to automatic data processing machines or networks) (copying machines)其他具有打印、复印或传真中两种及以上功能的机器(具有打印和复印两种功能的机器除外,可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(复印机)
  • 8443319090103Other machines with two or more functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission (excluding machines with only printing and copying functions, connectable to automatic data processing machines or networks) (telephones)其他具有打印、复印或传真中两种及以上功能的机器(具有打印和复印两种功能的机器除外,可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电话机)
  • 8443319090104Other machines with two or more functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission (excluding machines with only printing and copying functions, connectable to automatic data processing machines or networks) (facsimile machines)其他具有打印、复印或传真中两种及以上功能的机器(具有打印和复印两种功能的机器除外,可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(传真机)
  • 8443319090105Other machines with two or more functions of printing, copying or faxing (excluding machines with both printing and copying functions, connectable to automatic data processing equipment or a network) (teleprinters)其他具有打印、复印或传真中两种及以上功能的机器(具有打印和复印两种功能的机器除外,可与自动数据处理设备或网络连接)(电传打字机)

China's tariff as compiled by HS编码网 from China Customs, the State Council Tariff Commission and the State Taxation Administration. The Chinese is the original.

Nearby codes

Sources

For information, not a customs ruling. Only notifications published in the Gazette have legal force; confirm the duty with your customs broker or ICEGATE before you price a deal.